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Philippine literature is the associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature were actually epics passed on from generation to generation originally through oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao were able to keep transcribed copies of these epics as family heirloom. One such epic was the ''Darangen'', epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao. Most of the epics were known during the Spanish era. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in the Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, or any indigenous Philippine languages. == Classical literature in Spanish during the 19th Century == (詳細はLa Esperanza'', was published in the country. Other early newspapers were ''La Estrella'' (1847), ''Diario de Manila'' (1848) and ''Boletin Oficial de Filipinas'' (1852). The first provincial newspaper was ''El Eco de Vigan'' (1884), which was issued in Ilocos. In Cebu City, ''El Boleaetín de Cebú'' (The Bulletin of Cebu) was published in 1890. On 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that increased the population's ability to read Spanish and thereby furthered the rise of an educated class called the ''Ilustrado'' (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the social language of urban places and the true ''lingua franca'' of the archipelago. A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them being ''El Renacimiento'', printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family. Some members of the ''ilustrado'' group, while in Spain, decided to start a Spanish publication with the aim of promoting the autonomy and independence projects. Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel ''Nínay'' (first novel written by a Filipino) and the Philippine national hero, José Rizal, who wrote excellent poetry and his two famous novels in Spanish: ''Noli Me Tángere'' (Touch Me Not), and ''El Filibusterismo''. Especially potent was ''La Solidaridad'', more fondly called ''La Sol'' by the members of the propaganda movement, founded in 15 February 1885. With the help of this paper, Filipino national heroes like José Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Marcelo H. del Pilar were able to voice out their sentiments. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philippine literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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